![]() Apart from six studies with risk of selection bias, the overall risk of bias in the studies was low. Meta-analyses included data from 16 studies (1749 participants). We included 22 studies involving 1972 people with dementia. There have been welcome improvements in the quality of research on RT since the previous version of this review, although there still remains a need for more randomised controlled trials following clear, detailed treatment protocols, especially allowing the effects of simple and integrative RT to be compared. Treatment protocols are not described in sufficient detail in many publications. The wide range of RT interventions across studies makes comparisons and evaluation of relative benefits difficult. Group RT and a community setting are associated with probable improvements in communication. Individual RT is associated with probable benefits for cognition and mood. Care home studies show the widest range of benefits, including QoL, cognition and communication (at follow-up). RT has some positive effects on people with dementia in the domains of QoL, cognition, communication and mood. The effects of reminiscence interventions are inconsistent, often small in size and can differ considerably across settings and modalities. More research is needed to understand these differences and to find out who is likely to benefit most from what type of RT. However, there is some evidence that RT can improve quality of life, cognition, communication and possibly mood in people with dementia in some circumstances, although all the benefits were small. We concluded that the effects of RT vary, depending on the way it is given and whether it takes place in care homes or the community. ![]() We were encouraged to find that the amount and quality of research on RT for dementia has increased considerably since the last version of this review. In this type of RT, the carers and the people with dementia were both directly involved in the reminiscence sessions. We found no effect of RT on family carers other than a suggestion that it made carers slightly more anxious in two large studies of joint reminiscence work. We found no evidence of harmful effects of RT for the people with dementia themselves. We found that group RT and RT in community settings may have a positive effect on the communication and interaction of the person with dementia immediately after the end of treatment, and probably also weeks to months later, although the effect was small.Īpart from a probable slight benefit of individual RT on scales measuring depressed mood, we found no evidence for effects of RT on other outcomes, such as agitation, ability to carry out daily activities or relationships with other people. The effect was most evident in care home studies, which used individual RT, but not in community studies, which used group RT. It was not clear that the effect was large enough to be important. People having RT scored slightly better than the control group on tests of cognition immediately after the course of treatment, but not weeks to months later. However, there was probably a slight benefit of treatment in the trials done in care homes, which was not seen in the trials done in the community. Looking at all the trials together, there did not seem to be an effect of RT on the quality of life reported by the participants. Overall, we thought most of the trials were well conducted. The length of the trials varied from four weeks to two years, and the overall amount of time spent on therapy varied from three to 39 hours. Some of the participants were living at home and some were in care homes. All the participants had dementia, mostly of mild or moderate severity. We found 22 trials with 1972 participants to include in the review. ![]() Our search covered all trials available up to April 2017. We searched for randomised, controlled trials in which RT was compared with no treatment or with a non-specific activity, such as time spent in general conversation. It may be suitable for people with dementia both because depression is common in dementia and because people with dementia typically have a better memory for the distant past than for recent events. It can take place in a group or be done with a person on their own, when it often results in some form of life-story book being created. Reminiscence is often assisted by props such as videos, pictures and objects. It aims to evoke memories, stimulate mental activity and improve well-being. ![]() RT involves discussing events and experiences from the past. We were also interested in any effects on carers. In particular, we were interested in effects on quality of life, communication, cognition (the general ability to think and remember), mood, daily activities and relationships. We wanted to find out what effect reminiscence therapy (RT) has on people with dementia. ![]()
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